Japanese

The topic–comment anatomy of Japanese grammar yields actual audible predicates (as the comment). Indeed, Japanese adjectives and Japanese verbs behave rather analogously (for example, the abrogating anatomy of a verb is an adjective), and can be accepted as actuality two forms of predicates; assert anatomy is referred to as 終止形 (shūshikei, terminal form). Further, clashing in English, Japanese adjectives do not abide apart of predication, and the concordance anatomy is the assert anatomy – for example, 小さい (chiisai) is the assert anatomy of "small", and agency "is small", not artlessly "small". Accordingly, while some textbooks construe Japanese adjectives as English adjectives (translating 小さい as "small"), added textbooks, such as Japanese: The Spoken Language, construe Japanese adjectives as English predicates (translating 小さい as "is small").